Its beginning and end may be hard to determine and its internalĬomposition difficult to define. Speech also poses difficult structural problems. In dealing with spoken texts than with written ones. Moreover, the ethical problems in recording and making public what was produced inĪ private setting and intended for a limited audience are more frequently encountered Include some contextual features determining which are relevant is not always simple. Occurs, far more so than is the case for written texts. The productionĪnd comprehension of speech are intimately bound up with the situation in which speech Levels of detail in the transcript and different styles of visual display. Even in the same field, the interestsĪnd theoretical perspectives of different transcribers may lead them to prefer different Journalistic, or many other types of research. The course of linguistic, acoustic, anthropological, psychological, ethnographic, Of speech recorded in natural communication situations is often less than perfect,Īffecting the accuracy of the transcription. Have no counterpart in writing (for example, tempo, loudness, pitch, etc.). Speech varies according to a large number of dimensions, many of which 34 This reflects the special difficulties which apply to the encoding or transcription of speech. There is great variation in the ways different researchers have chosen to represent TEI: General Considerations and Overview⚓ 8.1 General Considerations and Overview » 8.2 Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech.Finally, sectionĨ.4 Elements Defined Elsewhere of this chapter reviews further problems specific to the encoding of spoken language,ĭemonstrating how mechanisms and elements discussed elsewhere in these Guidelines Section 8.3 Elements Unique to Spoken Texts describes the basic structural elements provided by this module. Or other source from which transcribed text is taken. Section 8.2 Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech documents some additional TEI header elements which may be used to document the recording In transcribing spoken language (section 8.1 General Considerations and Overview). This chapter begins with a discussion of some of the problems commonly encountered May speech regarded solely as a process of social interaction. Speech regarded as a purelyĪcoustic phenomenon may well require different methods from those outlined here, as May wish to extend the scheme presented here to express more precisely the set ofĭistinctions they wish to draw in their transcriptions. Now or in the future some discourse analysts, some phonologists, and doubtless others Intended to support unmodified every variety of research undertaken upon spoken material It should be stressed, however, that the present proposals are not The module described in this chapter is intended for use with a wide variety of transcribed 8.2 Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech.8.1 General Considerations and Overview.Through both psycholinguistic and phonetic analysis of emotional multimodality data for two typologically different languages, i.e., Chinese and Japanese, the book demonstrates and elucidates the mutual and differing decoding and encoding schemes of emotional speech in Chinese and Japanese.
The process is shown to be influenced by the speaker’s and the listener’s linguistic and cultural backgrounds, as well as by the transmission channels used. Through both psycholinguistic This book addresses the subject of emotional speech, especially its encoding and decoding process during interactive communication, based on an improved version of Brunswik’s Lens Model.
This book addresses the subject of emotional speech, especially its encoding and decoding process during interactive communication, based on an improved version of Brunswik’s Lens Model.
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